Summary: A new meta-analysis study finds people engage in #self-harm and think about #suicide as a means of reducing some types of #stress. The perceived #stress release from embarking on destructive #behaviors indicates a potential for therapy and other types of intervention.

Self Harm

Source: #UniversityofWashington

Nearly one-fifth of #teens and young #adults engage in #self-injury, while just as many #teens seriously consider attempting #suicide. Both are considered a risk for #suicidalbehavior, but studies of why people harm themselves, or think about #suicide, haven’t been examined in a comprehensive way.

Now, a new meta-analysis of 38 studies finds consistent results and themes: that people engage in #self-injury and/or think about #suicide to alleviate some types of #stress; and that the perceived #stress relief that results from thoughts and #behaviors indicates potential for therapy and other interventions.

Over the past 10 years, researchers have started to ask people at risk of #suicide to complete surveys multiple times per day. This type of data allows for researchers to understand the thoughts, emotions and #behaviors that precede self-injurious thoughts and actions.

The #UniversityofWashington conducted the data aggregation of these types of studies involving more than 1,600 participants around the world. It was published April 28 in Nature Human #Behavior.

“Many researchers have been collecting this data and testing for the same finding, but there were mixed findings across studies. We wanted to see if we saw this effect when we combined these datasets,” said Kevin Kuehn, lead author of the meta-analysis and a UW doctoral #student in clinical psychology.

With #suicide a leading cause of death among #youth and the role of #self-harm, or non-suicidal #self-injury (NSSI), as a risk factor, Kuehn and his team wanted to look collectively at separate studies of NSSI and #suicidalthoughts.

By analyzing data of individual participants in these studies, the UW researchers found that high levels of emotional distress precede both #self-injury and #suicidalthoughts, followed by reduced #stress.

Researchers point to additional data on #suicide—that a majority of people who die by #suicide do not receive #mentalhealthtreatment, for example—and consistent findings from the meta-analysis that #stress precedes #self-injury.

They say this can inform prevention and intervention efforts, such as learning how to replace #self-injury and #suicidalthoughts with other means of reducing #stress.

“The good news is that we have effective #behavioral interventions, such as cognitive #behavioral therapy and dialectical #behavioraltherapy, which teach skills for managing intense emotions to replace self-injurious thoughts and #behaviors. Increasing access to these types of treatments is likely to reduce the prevalence of them,” Kuehn said.

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With #suicide a leading cause of death among #youth and the role of #self-harm, or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as a risk factor, Kuehn and his team wanted to look collectively at separate studies of NSSI and #suicidalthoughts. Image is in the public domain

One limit of the meta-analysis, researchers said, is that participants in the various studies were predominantly young white #women.

Further research into self-injury and related thoughts and #behaviors should focus on increasing the age, #gender and #racial and #ethnic diversity of study samples.

In addition, the meta-analysis found only modest evidence that #stress, while a connection to self-harm, could be used as a means for predicting when an individual might injure themselves.

Future studies could try to identify more precisely when and how #stress leads to self-injurious thoughts and #behaviors.

Self Harm
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